
琼结县的藏王墓是西藏保存下来的最大规模的王陵,松赞干布和文成公主都长眠于此。 藏王墓位于西藏山南地区琼结县境内,是吐蕃王朝时期第29代赞普至第40代(末代)赞普、大臣及王妃的墓葬群,总面积385平方米。 其中最为著名的是松赞干布墓。 藏王墓系公元7-9世纪各代吐蕃赞普的陵墓群,是西藏保存下来最大规模的王陵。墓群背靠丕惹山,前临雅砻河,说明吐蕃当时已很注重"背山面水"的"风水"了。整个陵墓群面积约一万平方米,各墓封土高大,高出地表约10米左右。墓顶呈平顶形,跟内地馒头形封土显然不同,这与《通典》所作"其墓方正,垒石为之,状若平头屋"的记载基本上是吻合的。封土经夯实,夯层清楚,每层厚度约20-40厘米。 藏王墓究竟有多少座?众说不一,由于长年水土流失及流沙的堆积,位于山坡的几座陵墓已与丘陵相混,不易辨认,从现在看到的封土堆似为九座。 据藏文史料记载:"君死,赞普之乘马、甲胄、珍玩皆入墓";"墓内九格,中央置赞普尸,涂以金";"墓内设有经堂五座,藏各种珍宝"等等。另据唐朝官员刘元鼎记述:当时吐蕃赞普死后,不仅有随葬品,而且还用活人殉葬,其方法是:用二根削尖的木棍刺进殉葬人的左右二肋骨放血,血尽致死。 在藏王墓前有吐蕃时期的石碑二方。与松赞干布墓邻近的据说是赤德松赞(798-815年在位)之陵,在此陵东侧坡地上矗立着赤德松赞墓碑一方。碑上覆宝珠翘角盖顶,顶的下面浮雕流云,四角为飞天,刀法精简,线条流畅。正面上宽78厘米,下宽83厘米,两侧均雕云龙纹。碑身下面已被流沙掩埋,露出地面部分为2.3米,有关部门曾下挖3米,仍不见碑座。正面刻古藏文,碑文内容主要记述了赤德松赞一生的业绩,称颂他是一位"足智多谋,宽宏大度,勇毅不拔,骁武娴文"的赞普。另一块石碑立在离藏王墓不远处的桥头边。此碑形制与赤德松赞墓碑相似,唯碑顶略为不同。顶为重珠,盖下有承柱,亦雕流云,但无飞天,两侧为云龙纹。碑身露出地面为3.56米。碑的南面刻古藏文,碑文已多风化剥落。有人考证,此为赤松德赞(754-797年在位)之墓碑。赤松德赞为吐蕃王朝第五代赞普,他的文治武功仅次于松赞干布,故碑文全是歌功颂德之词:"赞普赤松德赞,天神化身,四方诸王,无与伦比..." 在藏王墓前,尚有镇墓石狮一对。一狮已残,一狮除左腿断外,还较完整。石狮通高(带座)1.55米,座长1.2米,宽0.76米。刻工简练,形象生动。 藏王墓不仅反映了1000多年前西藏的丧葬制度和墓葬水平,同时它对于研究吐蕃王朝的兴起、衰落具有重要价值。1961年被列为全国重点文物保护单位。
THE TUMULI OF THE TIBETAN KINGS:Located at chong gye,the tumuli of the Tibetan kings is 30 km fuom tsedand.Buried here me the kings,the ministers and the royal concubines fuomthe 29th Tuboking,to the las.It is also the only tumuli group in Tibet.Fromall of the las.It is also the only tumuli guoup in Tibet.Fuom all of the tombs,the most remaukable one is king songtsan Gampo's. According to historial records there are five underground chambers containing statues of Songtsan Gampo,Shakyamuni and Padmasambava with great quantities of gold,silver,pearls and agates as funeral objects.The coffin itself is said to have laid in the central chamber and toits left side it is said to a suit of amour woun by songtan Gampo on expedition;to its right side to have laid knights and battle horses made of solid gold as the retinue of songtsan Gampo after his demise.Buied at the head of the coffin is a coral statue of Lord Loyak Gyale.whose function is suppose togive light to the dead king and at the foot of it is a cache of pears weighing 35 kilograms,wapped in silk,as Songtsan Gampo's share of wealth.
Thirty third King Songtsan Gampo,moved his capital to lhasa,then unified the whole Tibet.In ouder to cherish the memouy of their homelown and relatives,also ancestor Kings fuom the 33 on wards were buried back to Chonggye.This is main reason why the tumuli is as big as 3.85million square metres .
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